Cystic endometrial hyerplasia (CEH) is an excessive growth of the uterine mucosa associated with the formation of small retention cavities (cysts) throughout its wall.
Vulvar discharge is a reason for frequent consultation with the bitch. Their origin is very variable, and a reasoned and organized approach is essential for a reliable diagnosis.
Vaginal ptosis, also called hyperplasia of a vaginal mucosal fold, is a condition induced by endogenous estrogenic impregnation (heat, end of diestrus), or more rarely exogenous (environmental or food endocrine disrupters).
Testicular tumours are frequent and easy to detect. Often benign, they are sometimes carried out without analysis and monitoring is neglected. Nevertheless, an informed knowledge of the different histological types encountered and of the symptomatology, particularly paraneoplastic, underlines the need for the practitioner to be vigilant with regard to these tumours, their precise identification and follow-up.
The modalities of artificial feeding are a source of concern and often misunderstanding.
The stakes are high. Any error can have serious immediate but also long-term repercussions (immunity, digestive, growth, psychological development, etc.).
It is a dropsy of fetal tissue in puppies that causes generalized subcutaneous edema associated with varying amounts of fluid in the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Two entities are described: congenital anasarca and congenital lymphatic edema (CLO).
Castration consists of the complete and definitive removal of both testicles. Castration has many indications, but also limitations (desired result not achieved) and adverse effects.
It is a defect in the descent of one or both testicles into the scrotal pocket.
At birth, the testicles are located near the inguinal ring and at 5 weeks they are already normally in place.
An absence of testicles at 8 weeks is considered abnormal (delayed implantation), but it will take six months to legally diagnose an ectopic testicle. Beyond six months, whatever the breed, this is an unacceptable defect in dogs.
Infertility is a frequent cause of consultation in males.
The term "infertility" is often synonymous with "bitch that is unpregnant Male infertility must be confirmed and characterized before its origin (location and etiology) is found to discuss prognosis and treatment.